Socket weld flanges have a socket in which a pipe is inserted; the pipe is secured by one fillet weld located on the exterior of the flange hub. A significant disadvantage with this type of flange is that it is not considered a high-integrity joint because the weld is difficult to prove; thus socket weld flanges are only suitable for low to medium classes (≤ ASME 600). Due to their lower integrity and unsuitability for use at higher pressures, socket weld flanges almost always have flat or raised faces.

Socket weld flanges are designed for small nominal pipe sizes (≤ 4 inches, ≤ 10cm) and are common for ½ to 2-inch pipe sizes (1.3 to 5cm pipe sizes). The mechanical strength of a socket weld flange is similar to that of a slip-on flange, but the slip-on flange may use two welds.

The ASME B31.3 standard states that an approximate gap of 1⁄16th of an inch (1.5mm) between the socket and pipe end is required; this gap allows for thermal expansion due to welding and reduces the likelihood that the weld will crack. In practice, this means that the pipe should be fully inserted into the flange, then retracted by the desired amount (1/16th of an inch, 1.5mm); this gap has been highlighted red on the above image.

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